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Fredrick Cottrell first used wet electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) in 1910 to control acid mist emissions at a smelting operation in Selby, Calif. Since then, wet ESPs have been a mainstay of the sulfuric acid mist manufacturing industry, used at pyrometallurgical smelters and acid regeneration plants worldwide.
Solar power is cleaner than fossil fuels, but its environmental costs need smarter, safer solutions.